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Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

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Vector vortex alkali laser amplifier.

Jun Ye, Wenxuan Gu, Meng Li

|June 1, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel alkali amplifier to generate high-power vector vortex beams (VVBs). This breakthrough offers a new method for producing complex light structures with tunable properties for advanced applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Quantum Technologies

Background:

Vector vortex beams (VVBs) possess simultaneous helical phase and non-uniform polarization.
Generating high-power, arbitrary-order VVBs presents a significant challenge in optics.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a novel vector vortex alkali amplifier for generating high-power VVBs.
To overcome limitations in producing tunable-order and high-power VVBs.

Main Methods:

Utilized a shaped vector vortex seed beam.
Employed an alkali amplifier system for beam amplification.
Analyzed output power, gain, mode fidelity, and frequency characteristics.

Main Results:

Achieved an output power of 4.41 W for VVBs with polarization order and topological charge of 1.
Obtained a gain of 22.45 dB @2 cm with 88.2% mode fidelity.
Demonstrated single-frequency characteristics and generation of VVBs on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere.

Conclusions:

The vector vortex alkali amplifier is a promising method for generating high-power VVBs.
This technology has potential applications in optical sensing, quantum technologies, and optical communications.
The setup allows for the generation of VVBs corresponding to arbitrary poles on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere.