Spontaneous Raman scattering in SDM fibers

Area of Science:

• Nonlinear optics
• Optical communication systems

Background:

• Spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS) is a weak nonlinear effect crucial for classical-quantum coexistence transmission and sensing.
• Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is relevant in classical transmission, with recent studies in space-division multiplexing (SDM) fibers.
• An intrinsic relation exists between SpRS and SRS, allowing SRS findings to inform SpRS models.

Purpose of the Study:

• To extend existing SpRS models from single-mode fibers (SMFs) to SDM fibers.
• To develop a fiber-design-independent tool for assessing scattered noise in optical links.
• To validate the extended SpRS model through experimental measurements.

Main Methods:

• Extending SpRS models to accommodate SDM fibers with multiple mode groups of degenerate modes.
• Incorporating both Stokes and anti-Stokes bands into the extended model.
• Experimental validation using field-deployed multi-core fibers (MCFs) and multi-mode fiber (MMF).

Main Results:

• The proposed SpRS model successfully extends to SDM fiber configurations.
• The model demonstrates good agreement with experimental measurements in MCFs and MMF.
• The developed tool is effective for evaluating scattered noise in various optical links.

Conclusions:

• The extended SpRS model is a valuable tool for optical link analysis in SDM systems.
• The model's fiber-design-independent nature enhances its applicability.
• Experimental validation confirms the model's accuracy and utility for predicting scattered noise.