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Personalized Digital Health Solutions to Increasing Diabetes-Related Knowledge and Behavioral Outcomes: Results From
Marcia Ory1,2, Christi H Esquivel1, Gang Han1,3
1Center for Community Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Rd, College Station, TX, 77843, United States, 1 9798201498.
JMIR Diabetes
|June 1, 2026
Summary
Digital interventions significantly improved diabetes self-care, confidence, and distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). All tested digital modalities showed comparable benefits, particularly for disadvantaged populations.
Area of Science:
- Digital Health
- Diabetes Management
- Health Technology
Background:
- Rising type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence in the US requires accessible, adaptable self-management technologies.
- Digital content's ubiquity necessitates evaluating various digital intervention modalities for diabetes self-care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the impact of two digital diabetes self-care education programs, delivered separately and in combination, to adults with T2DM.
- To assess improvements in diabetes self-management outcomes across diverse Texas settings.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving 188 adults with T2DM in Texas.
- Interventions included Virtual Making Moves with Diabetes (VMMD) and Technology-Based Education and Support (TBES), alone and combined.
- Generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis.
Main Results:
- All three digital intervention modalities significantly improved diabetes-related confidence, distress, and self-care behaviors from baseline through 6 months.
- Moderate to strong effect sizes (Cohen d) were observed at 3- and 6-month follow-ups.
- No significant superiority was found among the intervention modalities; higher self-care correlated with higher confidence and lower distress.
- Individuals facing socioeconomic disadvantages showed greater improvements in self-care behaviors.
Conclusions:
- Digital interventions offer significant benefits for T2DM self-management.
- Future development should focus on tailored, cost-effective digital content for individuals with T2DM.
- These findings support the integration of digital tools in chronic disease management.
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