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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector
10:13

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector

Published on: January 12, 2018

IS110 transposon utilizes two mechanistically distinct RNA-guided transposition pathways.

Xuanlong Sun1, Chen Yang2, Zhaohui Cai3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Molecular Cell
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

IS110 transposons use two RNA-guided pathways for DNA transposition, offering novel genome editing strategies. These mechanisms clarify transposition, enabling precise genetic modifications without double-strand breaks.

Keywords:
IS110bRNAcopy-outdonorexcisionrejoiningreplicativetargettransposition

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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector
10:13

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector

Published on: January 12, 2018

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • IS110 elements are RNA-guided transposons with potential for double-strand break (DSB)-free genome editing.
  • Their precise transposition mechanism remains incompletely understood, with conflicting previous findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the transposition mechanism of IS110 elements.
  • To reconcile inconsistent prior observations regarding IS110 transposition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an IS110 element from Caloranaerobacter azorensis.
  • Investigated transposition pathways involving bridge-RNA (bRNA) and target-binding loop RNA.

Main Results:

  • Identified two independent transposition pathways for IS110 elements.
  • Pathway 1 involves bRNA-dependent top-strand excision and insertion, distinct from dual-strand mechanisms.
  • Pathway 2 utilizes truncated RNA and bRNA for direct top-strand transfer, preserving the original transposon copy.

Conclusions:

  • Redefined the mechanistic understanding of IS110 transposition.
  • Reconciled discrepancies in previous studies on IS110 transposition.
  • Provided insights into programmable, RNA-guided genome modification strategies.