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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
06:51

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Published on: December 17, 2019

CAR T cells for systemic autoimmune diseases.

Florencia Rosetti1, Iris K Madera-Salcedo1, Luis A Cenobio2

  • 1Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, a novel cellular therapy, show promise in treating severe autoimmune diseases like lupus. This review explores CAR T-cell therapy, its mechanisms, and future directions for managing autoimmunity.

Keywords:
Advanced cellular therapiesCAR T cellsChimeric antigen receptorIdiopathic inflammatory myopathiesImmune resettingSystemic lupus erythematosusSystemic sclerosis

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High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model

Published on: August 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Therapy
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are engineered immune cells targeting specific antigens.
  • Anti-CD19 CAR T cells are approved for B cell malignancies and show efficacy in autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamentals of CARs and CAR T cells.
  • To discuss their application and effectiveness in systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore future prospects of CAR T-cell therapy in autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CAR T-cell therapy in autoimmune diseases.
  • Discussion of CAR T-cell mechanisms of action.
  • Overview of current research and future trends.

Main Results:

  • CAR T cells demonstrate significant efficacy in severe refractory autoimmune conditions.
  • Mechanisms of clinical effectiveness are being elucidated.
  • The therapy offers new insights into autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • CAR T-cell therapy is a promising new treatment for severe autoimmune diseases.
  • Long-term effects require further investigation.
  • This approach enhances understanding of systemic autoimmunity.