Unicystic Ameloblastoma: A case report

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Oral Pathology
• Dentistry

Background:

• Radiolucent neoplasms in the jaw, such as cysts and ameloblastomas, are common findings on dental radiographs.
• Accurate diagnosis often requires histologic examination.
• Ameloblastomas present in several distinct types, including unicystic ameloblastoma (UA).

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) in a 30-year-old female presenting with mandibular pain and swelling.
• To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment complexities associated with UA.
• To emphasize the importance of early and accurate diagnosis in managing oral neoplasms.

Main Methods:

• Case report presentation of a unicystic ameloblastoma.
• Clinical presentation: pain and swelling in the mandibular left third molar region.
• Diagnostic process including delayed biopsy and surgical excision, followed by histopathologic confirmation.

Main Results:

• A benign unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) was definitively diagnosed.
• The patient underwent partial mandibulectomy, reconstructive surgery, and dental implant placement due to the lesion's size.
• Despite a good long-term prognosis, regular surveillance is necessary due to UA's high recurrence rate.

Conclusions:

• This case underscores the critical need for oral health professionals to maintain vigilance in identifying oral diseases.
• Prompt and precise diagnosis is essential for optimal patient outcomes in managing jaw neoplasms.
• Delayed diagnosis and treatment of unicystic ameloblastoma can lead to extensive surgical interventions and potential complications.