Machine learning based prediction of diesel engine emissions and performance using hemp biodiesel enriched with nano...

Area of Science:

• * Combustion science and engine technology.
• * Materials science, focusing on nano additives.
• * Computational modeling and machine learning applications.

Background:

• * Growing demand for sustainable and cleaner energy sources.
• * Need for improved performance and reduced emissions in diesel engines.
• * Potential of biodiesel and nano additives as alternative fuels.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To experimentally and computationally evaluate diesel engine performance using hemp biodiesel with nano additives (Al2O3, TiO2, MWCNT).
• * To characterize hemp biodiesel and nano additives using advanced analytical techniques.
• * To develop predictive models for engine parameters and emissions.

Main Methods:

• * Experimental testing of hemp biodiesel blends with varying nano additive concentrations at different engine loads.
• * Characterization of fuels and additives using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD).
• * Development and validation of predictive models using Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms.

Main Results:

• * HMBD20 + MWCN100 fuel demonstrated higher Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and lower Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC).
• * CO and HC emissions were reduced with HMBD20 + TINP100, while NOx emissions increased at peak load.
• * DT and ANN models achieved high prediction accuracy (R² > 0.98) for BTE, BSFC, CO, HC, Smoke, and NOx.
• * Optimal performance was achieved with HMBD20 + 100 ppm MWCNT at 75% load, showing improved efficiency and reduced emissions.

Conclusions:

• * Nano additives significantly enhance the performance and reduce emissions of hemp biodiesel in diesel engines.
• * Machine learning models accurately predict engine parameters and emissions, aiding in optimization.
• * Hemp biodiesel enriched with nano additives presents a viable and cleaner alternative for diesel engine applications.