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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Membraneless Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells as a Promising Clean Energy Source
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Published on: October 20, 2023

Cation-directed assembly and sequential functionalization enable superprotonic polyanion-organic frameworks for

Qixin Zhao1, Bo Li2,3, Dhruv Menon4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Nature Chemistry
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new polyoxometalate-organic frameworks for proton-exchange membranes, significantly boosting fuel cell performance and stability. This supramolecular engineering approach enhances power density and operational longevity for cleaner energy solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) are vital for fuel cell efficiency.
  • Achieving high power density and operational stability simultaneously in PEMs is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel supramolecular engineering strategy for designing advanced PEMs.
  • To enhance proton conductivity, power density, and stability in fuel cells.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed polyoxometalate-organic frameworks using trigonal cationic tectons and polyoxometalate anions.
  • Utilized directional C-H···anion hydrogen bonds for size-matched polyoxometalate anchoring.
  • Performed post-synthetic modification with sulfonate groups and integrated frameworks into Nafion resins.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high proton conductivity via channel-selective hydration and hydrogen-bond networks.
  • Demonstrated enhanced solution processability and compatibility with polymer matrices.
  • Hybrid membranes showed superior proton conductivity, chemical stability, peak power density, and current density compared to commercial Nafion.

Conclusions:

  • The supramolecular engineering approach offers a promising blueprint for PEM design.
  • Developed frameworks significantly advance fuel cell performance towards decarbonization goals.
  • This strategy enables the creation of advanced materials for high-performance fuel cells.