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Published on: August 1, 2025
In vivo CAR-M therapy: advancing precision delivery and programmable immune remodeling.
Shuai Wang1, Lucheng Zhou1, Xinlei Chen2
1Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, 369# Zuiwengxi Road, Nanqiao District, Chuzhou, Anhui, China.
Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS
|June 2, 2026
Summary
In vivo chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages (CAR-Ms) offer a novel approach to cancer and disease therapy. This method bypasses complex manufacturing, making CAR-M treatments more accessible and cost-effective for patients.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Biotechnology
- Oncology
Background:
- Chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages (CAR-Ms) show promise for treating solid tumors and non-malignant diseases due to their tumor infiltration and phagocytic capabilities.
- Traditional ex vivo CAR-M manufacturing faces challenges including complexity, high cost, and potential genotoxicity, limiting clinical translation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in in vivo CAR-M therapy, a novel approach for in situ genetic programming of macrophages.
- To compare in vivo CAR-M strategies with conventional ex vivo methods, examining mechanisms and translational potential.
Main Methods:
- Delivery of CAR-encoding sequences to myeloid cells using platforms like viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, or biomaterials.
- In situ genetic programming and functional remodeling of macrophages for therapeutic applications.
Main Results:
- In vivo CAR-M therapy streamlines therapeutic workflows, reduces production costs, and enhances patient accessibility.
- Applications span diverse solid tumors and non-malignant, inflammation-related conditions.
Conclusions:
- In vivo CAR-M therapy represents a paradigm shift from ex vivo manufacturing to in vivo cellular programming.
- This approach offers a more accessible and scalable next-generation immunotherapeutic platform for various diseases.
