Expression profile of apolipoproteins (APOE) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) genes in ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by atherosclerosis and functional alterations in coronary circulation. Endothelin (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is implicated in coronary artery vasoconstriction, myocardial ischemia, and atherosclerosis through its mitogenic effects. The APOE is associated with increased LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and heightened IHD risk. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of APOE and ET-1 genes and their association with IHD. A total of 200 samples were recruited, categorized into disease (n = 100) and control (n = 100) groups. RNA was extracted from the blood samples and after quantification of RNA by Nanodrop. cDNA was synthesized followed by expression analysis of APOE and ET -1 genes by Real Time PCR, followed by statistical analysis. The APOE and IHD gene expression was increased in IHD group. Linear regression analysis indicated that BMI is an important factor in the expression of APOE. Odds ratio analysis further supported a significant association of these genes with an increased likelihood of ischemic heart disease.