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Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...

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Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing
09:16

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Published on: February 16, 2017

Quantitative Sensory Testing Identifies Altered Thermal and Pain Processing in Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Gianfranco De Stefano1,2,3, Daniel Litewczuk1, Eleonora Galosi1

  • 1Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

European Journal of Neurology
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative sensory testing reveals trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients have complex bilateral sensory changes. A sensory loss phenotype is linked to reduced effectiveness of sodium channel blockers for pain management.

Keywords:
central sensitizationneuropathic painquantitative sensory testingsensory processingtrigeminal neuralgia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Medicine

Background:

  • Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) presents with complex somatosensory alterations.
  • Understanding these sensory changes is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess somatosensory function in TN patients using quantitative sensory testing (QST) and phenotyping.
  • Correlate sensory findings with clinical characteristics like etiology, pain type, and treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-five TN patients underwent QST and sensory phenotyping.
  • Sensory alterations were quantified using z-scores and a validated algorithm.
  • Clinical data and treatment responses were systematically recorded.

Main Results:

  • Bilateral thermal hypoesthesia and pain hyperesthesia were observed.
  • Classical TN showed reduced cold detection threshold (CDT) on the affected side.
  • Idiopathic TN had elevated wind-up ratio; paroxysmal pain was linked to heat pain threshold gain.
  • Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were predominant phenotypes.
  • Sensory loss phenotype correlated with poor response to sodium channel blockers.

Conclusions:

  • TN involves complex, bilateral sensory alterations, possibly indicating central nervous system changes.
  • Asymmetrical CDT reduction may suggest peripheral Aδ-fiber dysfunction.
  • Sensory profiling can identify patient subgroups with distinct treatment responses, particularly to sodium channel blockers.