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Specific-Source Insights into Changes of O₃ Concentrations and Health Risks in China.

Yiheng Wang¹, Chenliang Tao^1,2, Guochao Chen¹

¹Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.

Environmental Science & Technology

|June 2, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate ozone (O3) source attribution is crucial for health policies. Our integrated model shows industry and transport cause disproportionate deaths, driving a shift to health-focused O3 management in China.

Keywords:

MDA8 O3 air-transformer driving factors premature mortality source apportionment

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Atmospheric Chemistry
Public Health

Background:

Accurate quantification of source-specific ozone (O3) concentrations is vital for effective emission control policies and health risk assessment.
Traditional models lack fine-scale accuracy, and machine learning cannot provide source-specific attribution, hindering targeted O3 policy formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an integrated framework for reconstructing and apportioning O3 concentrations to specific sources.
To analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of O3 contributors and their health impacts.

Main Methods:

Coupling a deep learning model with a source-oriented Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model.
Reconstructing O3 concentrations from 2005-2020 and apportioning contributions at milestone years.

Main Results:

Background O3 constitutes ~75.0% of warm-season concentrations, while industry and transportation contribute 28.1% of O3-attributable premature deaths.
Despite lower concentrations, industry and transportation have a disproportionate impact on mortality due to overlap with populated areas.
Spatiotemporal variations in O3 concentrations were the primary driver (74.2%) of increased O3-related premature mortality.

Conclusions:

Findings support a transition from total O3 concentration control to health-oriented, source-specific management strategies in China.
The integrated framework provides a scientific basis for targeted O3 precursor emission control policies.