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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Data Validation01:03

Data Validation

Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Assessment of apical radial pulse01:25

Assessment of apical radial pulse

Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
Pre-Procedural Preparation
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II01:25

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
Risk nursing diagnoses represent clinical judgments of an individual, family, or community more vulnerable to developing the health problem than others...
Nursing Assessment01:29

Nursing Assessment

The two sources for collecting information are primary and secondary. After gathering information, interpretation and validation help to complete the data. The purpose of assessment is to establish data with the initial information, to interpret data about the patient's perceived needs and health problems, and to respond to these problems identified.
The nurse collects all aspects of the patient's health in the initial assessment, establishing priorities for ongoing focused assessments and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Developing and Validating a Nursing-Applied Oral Health Risk Assessment Tool for Care-Dependent Older German Adults:

Anna-Lena Hillebrecht1, Sarah Funck1, Elmar Ludwig2

  • 1Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Gerodontology
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The Mouth-related Risk Assessment for Professional Nursing (Mu-RAP) tool shows high content validity and practical relevance for identifying oral health risks in older adults. This nursing-applied instrument is feasible for routine care, aiding early risk identification.

Keywords:
Delphi studycontent validitygerodontologyoral health assessment

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Gerodontology
  • Nursing Research
  • Health Assessment Tools

Background:

  • Implementing oral health assessment tools in residential care for older adults presents challenges.
  • The Mouth-related Risk Assessment for Professional Nursing (Mu-RAP) was developed to address this gap.
  • Mu-RAP is designed for nursing application to identify oral health risks in care-dependent older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the content validity of the Mu-RAP instrument.
  • To determine the practice relevance of Mu-RAP for nursing professionals.
  • To assess the feasibility of integrating Mu-RAP into routine care for older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A sequential, two-panel Delphi study was conducted with gerodontology experts (dentists) and nursing professionals.
  • Dentist panel evaluated conceptual completeness and item relevance across two rounds.
  • Nursing panel assessed item relevance, clarity, and feasibility across two rounds, with predefined consensus thresholds.

Main Results:

  • High interprofessional agreement was achieved for the refined 13-item Mu-RAP instrument.
  • 12 of 13 items met relevance thresholds in the initial nursing round; rephrased items achieved strong agreement in Round 2.
  • Feasibility was rated highly (median usability 9/10), with 93.9% of participants willing to integrate Mu-RAP into routine care.

Conclusions:

  • The Mu-RAP demonstrates strong consensus regarding its content validity, clarity, and practical applicability.
  • The instrument provides a potential framework for the early identification of oral health risks in care-dependent older adults.
  • Mu-RAP's successful validation supports its use in residential care settings.