A brief review on herbal extracts and essential oils for the control of Demodex spp. mites

Demodex mites, particularly Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, are common ectoparasites residing in human pilosebaceous units, often implicated in dermatological and ocular conditions such as rosacea, blepharitis, and demodicosis. Conventional treatments include topical acaricides such as ivermectin, permethrin, and metronidazole; however, these agents may be associated with limited efficacy, resistance, and adverse effects. Consequently, there has been growing scientific interest in exploring alternative therapies derived from natural sources, particularly essential oils and herbal extracts with known acaricidal, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The goal of this review was to investigate the effects of herbal extracts and essential oils on Demodex spp. Mites in skin and hair, as well as how these parasites operate and what impact they have on people's health. Demodex parasites are small arthropods that reside on the outer surface of the skin and often have no specific clinical symptoms. The main cause of disease in humans is two types of Demodex mites, Demodex folliculorum and brevis. Currently, chemical drugs that target Demodex usually have side effects and low efficacy. However, research has shown that plant extracts and essential oils such as tea tree oil have acceptable effects on the treatment of Demodex parasites and have fewer side effects. Therefore, applying these techniques may be a more suitable choice for treating demodicosis.