[Changes and Clinical Significance of Blood Lipids in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome]

To analyze the changes of blood lipid levels in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its clinical significance.

A total of 59 patients with MDS treated in our hospital from April 2020 to April 2024 were selected as observation group, and 50 healthy subjects during the same period were selected as control group. According to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), MDS patients in the observation group were further divided into low-risk group, medium-risk group Ⅰ, medium-risk group Ⅱ, and high-risk group. Clinical data of all subjects were collected, and the differences in blood lipid expression, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), before and after treatment were compared between patients in different subgroups and observation group. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C for MDS. In addition, Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between blood lipids and clinical outcomes.

The expression levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression level of TG among patients with different prognosis grades (P >0.05), but the expression levels of TC and HDL-C in low-risk group, medium-risk group Ⅰ, and medium-risk group Ⅱ were significant higher than those in the high-risk group (all P < 0.01), and the expression level of LDL-C in the low-risk group was higher than that in the high-risk group ( P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values for single and combined TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C in predicting MDS was 0.903, 0.788, 0.887, 0.719 and 0.997, respectively, with the highest being the combined detection. After demethylation chemotherapy, the TG expression level of MDS patients showed slight increase but no significant difference compared to that before treatment (P >0.05), while the expression levels of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly increased than those before treatment (all P < 0.001). The levels of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C in MDS patients were positively correlated with clinical outcomes ( r =0.676, 0.708, 0.343, all P < 0.001).

Compared with healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations, MDS patients show significantly lower lipid levels. There are differences in lipid levels among patients with different prognostic grades. Meanwhile, the lipid levels of MDS patients can also indirectly reflect their clinical treatment effects.