[Analysis of Risk Factors and Clinical Characteristics of Early Death in Patients with Hemophagocytic Syndrome]

To investigate the clinical features and related risk factors of early death of adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

The clinical data and laboratory data of 79 patients with HLH admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from November 2016 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into early survival group and early death group according to whether they died within 40 days after diagnosis. Non-parametric tests were used for comparison between groups, risk factors were analyzed by Cox regression model, and survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier.

Among 79 HLH patients, 33 (41.77%) died within 40 days and 46 (58.23%) survived. The mean survival time was 12 (4-40) days. Comparison of data between the two groups showed that age, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and prothrombin time (PT) in early death group were higher than those in early survival group (all P<0.05), total cholesterol and platelet count (PLT) in early survival group were higher than those in early death group (both P<0.05), and age≥68.5 years old (HR=0.255, 95%CI: 0.124-0.523, P=0.000), PLT≤65×10⁹/L (HR=0.442, 95%CI: 0.209-0.932, P=0.032), LDH≥987 U/L (HR=0.347, 95%CI: 0.168-0.718, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for early death in adult HLH patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that different risk factors and etiologies had different survival rates, but etiologies had little effect on early death.

The early death of adult patients with HLH is influenced by various factors, among which age, PLT and LDH have particularly significant impacts.　　.