Bridging Gaps in Postpartum Depression Research: Pathways to Personalized Medicine in Women's Mental Health

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent and serious mental health disorder that affects nearly 15% of women after childbirth. It disrupts maternal well-being, infant development, and family relationships, and often remains underdiagnosed due to its complex biological, psychological, and social determinants. Conventional treatment strategies largely follow generalized, symptom-based approaches that fail to address the wide individual variation in hormonal sensitivity, genetic background, and psychosocial context among affected women. This review emphasizes the importance of adopting a personalized medicine framework for the management of PPD. Relevant literature was systematically reviewed from major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between January 2018 and September 2025. The search covered biological mechanisms, psychosocial influences, and innovative therapeutic approaches integrating pharmacogenomics, hormonal profiling, and culturally sensitive psychotherapies. The analysis highlights that personalized strategies, combining genetic testing for antidepressant response, individualized hormonal modulation, and context-based psychological interventions, offer improved therapeutic precision compared to conventional models. Emerging technologies such as digital health tools and telemedicine further enhance individualized care delivery. Clinically, the integration of personalized medicine transforms PPD management from a uniform, symptom-oriented approach to a patient-centered model that aligns biological and psychosocial dimensions. This paradigm shift has the potential to enhance treatment response, accelerate recovery, and strengthen longterm maternal and child outcomes.