Therapeutic Applications of Ficus deltoidea: An Integrative Review of Its Pharmacological Properties

Ficus deltoidea (FD), an herbal medicine commonly used as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia, is increasingly attracting scientific interest due to its vast potential benefits. The current review aims to incorporate the latest scientific data on its therapeutic potential, which includes its effects in metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, regenerative, reproductive, and anticancer aspects. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies indicates FD's potential mechanisms in managing diseases by modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, hormonal regulation, extracellular matrix stabilization, and vascular homeostasis. The current data demonstrated promising results in managing diseases such as metabolic disorders, tissue regeneration, infection control, bone preservation, and reproductive health. Although its reported activities have been demonstrated by its crude extracts, the specific phytoconstituents responsible remain to be completely elucidated. Further studies are warranted to confirm FD's therapeutic efficacy. However, based on current evidence, FD can be regarded as a versatile and multi-functional herbal medicine.