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Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
03:52

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Inflammatory Cytokines and Sarcopenia: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and Meta-analysis.

Shilong Su1,2, Jinwu Bai1,2, Ruideng Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 North Garden Road. Haidian, 100191, Beijing, China.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated the causal link between inflammation and sarcopenia using Mendelian randomization. Findings suggest insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a causal role in sarcopenia development.

Keywords:
IGF-1.Sarcopeniacausal effectinflammatory cytokinemendelian randomizationmeta-analysis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
03:52

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest an association between inflammation and sarcopenia.
  • The causal relationship between specific inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia remains unclear.
  • Bias may influence observed associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between genetically predicted inflammatory cytokine levels and sarcopenia.
  • To determine if inflammatory cytokines have a causal effect on sarcopenia.
  • To perform a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization and meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome-wide association study data for 44 inflammatory cytokines and 4 sarcopenia-associated traits.
  • Conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.
  • Performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies up to October 2023.

Main Results:

  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was associated with decreased hand grip strength.
  • No significant effect of sarcopenia-associated traits on inflammatory cytokines was found.
  • Meta-analysis of 20 studies (404,061 participants) showed lower IGF-1 levels in sarcopenia patients.

Conclusions:

  • Mendelian randomization and clinical data support a causal effect of IGF-1 on sarcopenia.
  • IGF-1 may serve as a potential diagnostic or therapeutic target for sarcopenia.
  • Further validation in multi-ethnic cohorts and with IGF-1 isoform-specific assays is warranted.