GLP-1 Medications in Oncology Nursing Practice

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
• The physiological effects and long-term outcomes of GLP-1 RAs have raised questions regarding their potential association with cancer development.
• Existing scientific literature presents conflicting evidence on the relationship between GLP-1 RA use and cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically evaluate the current body of evidence regarding the association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and cancer.
• To synthesize conflicting findings and identify areas requiring further investigation in the context of clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of preclinical studies and clinical trials investigating GLP-1 RAs and cancer.
• Analysis of epidemiological data and meta-analyses examining cancer incidence in patients using GLP-1 RAs.
• Evaluation of the biological mechanisms proposed to link GLP-1 RAs to tumorigenesis or tumor suppression.

Main Results:

• Preclinical studies suggest potential mitogenic effects of GLP-1 on certain cell types, while others indicate anti-proliferative properties.
• Clinical data remain inconsistent, with some studies reporting no significant increase in cancer risk and others suggesting potential associations with specific cancer types.
• The overall evidence does not establish a definitive causal link between GLP-1 RA use and cancer.

Conclusions:

• The relationship between GLP-1 RAs and cancer is complex and not yet fully elucidated.
• Further high-quality, long-term studies are necessary to clarify the potential oncogenic or anti-oncogenic effects of GLP-1 RAs.
• Clinicians should remain informed about evolving evidence while considering the established benefits of GLP-1 RAs for metabolic diseases.