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Atherogenic Index of Plasma as Predictor for Cardiovascular Events and Cardiometabolic Diseases:Findings from the
Alessandro Maloberti1,2, Rita Facchetti1, Ana Jelakovic3
1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20162, Milano, Italy.
Insights
The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) independently predicts hypertension, diabetes, and left ventricular hypertrophy in a European population. This lipid biomarker is also linked to cardiovascular events, highlighting its clinical significance.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Metabolic Health
- Lipidology
Background:
- The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), a ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is linked to cardiovascular events, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension.
- Previous studies on AIP are limited by cross-sectional designs and focus on Asian populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To longitudinally investigate the associations between AIP, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
- To analyze these relationships in a western European general population within the PAMELA study.
Main Methods:
- Baseline data collected from 2035 subjects, with longitudinal data from 1412 subjects over a median follow-up of 10.7 years.
- Analysis included multivariable models to assess independent predictors of outcomes.
Main Results:
- AIP remained stable during follow-up, while systolic blood pressure and plasma glucose increased significantly.
- AIP independently predicted the development of HT, DM, and LVH (p < 0.0001).
- AIP was also significantly associated with fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events.
Conclusions:
- In a low cardiovascular risk European population, AIP is a significant independent predictor of HT, DM, and LVH.
- AIP is significantly associated with combined cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Introduction:
The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), ratio between triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been associated with cardiovascular (CV) events, metabolic syndrome and hypertension (HT)-related vascular organ damage. However, the majority of the published studies suffer from important limitations, such as the cross-sectional or retrospective nature and the performance in selected Asian populations only.
Aim:
We performed a data analysis in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study, examining longitudinally the relationships between AIP, diabetes mellitus (DM), HT and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a western European general population.
Methods:
At the study entry baseline data were collected in 2035 subjects, while longitudinal data were obtained in 1412 subjects examined for a median follow-up time lasting 10.7 years.
Results:
50.6% of the subjects were males, aged 50.9 ± 13.7 (mean ± SD) yrs. During the follow-up AIP did not significantly change (from - 0.11 ± 0.3 to - 0.12 ± 0.29 a.u., P = NS), while systolic BP and plasma glucose significantly increased, with a significant relationship with HT, DM and LVH development (P < 0.0001). At multivariable analysis, AIP significantly and independently predicted the above-mentioned outcomes, with the exception of HT development based on home BP. The same significant association was detected for fatal and non-fatal CV events.
Conclusions:
These data provide evidence that in a general European population characterized by a low CV risk AIP significantly and independently predicts HT, DM and LVH development and is significantly associated with the composite outcome of CV morbidity and mortality.
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