Recent advances in chitosan-based nanomaterials for enhanced antimicrobial activity

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Chitosan, a natural biopolymer from chitin, possesses inherent antimicrobial, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties.
• Advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the development of chitosan-based nanomaterials.
• These nanomaterials exhibit enhanced antimicrobial efficacy, including reduced minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and improved biofilm inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the antimicrobial mechanisms of chitosan and its derivatives.
• To highlight recent progress in the design, synthesis, and application of chitosan-based nanomaterials against microbial infections.
• To discuss formulation types (nanoparticles, nanofibers, hydrogels) for combating infections and future clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on chitosan and chitosan-based nanomaterials.
• Analysis of antimicrobial mechanisms and efficacy data.
• Exploration of formulation strategies and clinical challenges.

Main Results:

• Chitosan-based nanomaterials demonstrate significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to native chitosan.
• Various formulations like nanoparticles, nanofibers, and hydrogels are effective against microbial infections.
• Progress in design and synthesis has improved the performance of these materials.

Conclusions:

• Chitosan-based nanomaterials represent a promising strategy for combating microbial infections in biomedical applications.
• Further research and development are needed to address challenges for successful clinical translation.
• The unique properties of chitosan offer a versatile platform for advanced antimicrobial therapies.