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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Estrogen prevents menopausal obesity.

Maria A Maturana1,2, Fabíola Satler3,4, Frederick N Naftolin5

  • 1Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.)
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Menopausal hormone treatment (MHT) may prevent or improve obesity and reduce cardiovascular risk in menopausal women. Estrogen therapy is key for weight management and preventing high-risk menopausal obesity.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular riskEstrogenHormone therapyMenopausal obesityMenopauseObesity

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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Obesity is a common complication of menopause.
  • Menopausal obesity (MO) can progress to high-risk MO (HRMO), increasing cardiovascular disease risk and reducing lifespan.
  • Weight management is crucial for preventing MO and HRMO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which estrogen, via menopausal hormone treatment (MHT), may prevent or improve MO.
  • To discuss the potential of MHT in preventing the progression of MO to HRMO.
  • To provide clinical justification for MHT use in managing menopausal weight changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on estrogen's role in menopausal obesity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying MHT's effects on body fat distribution.
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting MHT for weight control in menopause.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen, as MHT, has demonstrated potential in preventing or slowing MO development.
  • MHT may inhibit the accumulation of intrathoracic visceral fat, a marker of HRMO.
  • Estrogen's mechanisms may involve direct effects on fat metabolism and distribution.

Conclusions:

  • MHT is a potential therapeutic strategy for managing menopausal obesity.
  • Estrogen therapy may mitigate cardiovascular risks associated with MO.
  • Further research into MHT's role in preventing HRMO is warranted.