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Related Concept Videos

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions01:27

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

Acids and bases play several important roles in biology. The pH of a biological system can significantly impact the function of biological molecules, including enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids. For example, enzymes have optimal pH ranges for their activity, and changes in pH can denature or alter their structure, affecting their function. Acids and bases also play a crucial role in cellular signaling and communication. The pH of the extracellular fluid around cells can influence the...
Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid01:18

Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid

The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the titration curve. At the first equivalence point, the carbonate ions in the base are completely converted to bicarbonate ions. The second equivalence point corresponds to the complete conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid, which dissociates into carbon dioxide and water. The region before the first equivalence point corresponds to the...
Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the solvent...
Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons01:26

Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons

Bioremediation is an environmentally sustainable process that employs living organisms—primarily microorganisms—to degrade or neutralize pollutants from contaminated environments. In oil spills and hydrocarbon pollution, bioremediation involves the use of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to transform toxic compounds into less harmful substances. This approach leverages natural microbial metabolic processes and is considered both cost-effective and ecologically favorable compared to physical or...
Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation
08:17

Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation

Published on: August 14, 2020

Coupling Acid Neutralization and Resource Recovery to Scale Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement.

Rocco D'Ascanio1,2, Mojtaba Fakhraee1,3, Nicolas Theunissen1

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) offers a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) pathway. A novel two-stage process neutralizes hydrochloric acid (HCl) using rocks, yielding valuable products and enabling cost-effective OAE.

Keywords:
carbon dioxide removalcobaltcritical mineralsnickelprecipitated silica

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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation
08:17

Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation

Published on: August 14, 2020

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a key carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy.
  • Electrochemical OAE requires cost-effective, carbon-neutral methods for hydrochloric acid (HCl) disposal.
  • Current HCl disposal methods pose challenges for scaling OAE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a two-stage process for neutralizing HCl from electrochemical OAE.
  • To assess the economic viability and potential coproduct recovery of the proposed HCl neutralization method.
  • To determine the feasibility of discharging neutralized solutions without impacting ocean alkalinity.

Main Methods:

  • Neutralization of HCl using common mafic and ultramafic rocks.
  • Recovery of valuable coproducts like amorphous silica and metal precipitates.
  • Techno-economic analysis of the process in Washington state, USA.

Main Results:

  • The process effectively neutralizes HCl, producing a dischargeable saline solution.
  • Valuable coproducts, including amorphous silica and nickel/cobalt precipitates, can be recovered.
  • Estimated net cost of acid neutralization is below $200 per tonne of CO2 removed via OAE.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-stage process offers a viable solution for HCl disposal in electrochemical OAE.
  • The recovery of coproducts enhances the economic feasibility of OAE.
  • This approach supports the large-scale deployment of OAE for climate change mitigation.