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OmpU elicits cross-protective bactericidal activity against Vibrio species: a surface-exposed antigen with vaccine

Shi Yuan1,2,3, Wen Li1,2,3, Zhuo Xu1,2,3

  • 1Jiangsu Ocean University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, 222005 Jiangsu, China.

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Outer membrane protein U (OmpU) shows promise as a subunit vaccine candidate against Vibrio species. This study found OmpU provided broad cross-protective efficacy and bactericidal activity against multiple Vibrio strains.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant zoonotic pathogen.
  • Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are crucial targets for vaccine development against Vibrio species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential of OmpU and VP0802 as subunit vaccine candidates against Vibrio species.
  • To evaluate their cross-protective efficacy using expanded strain panels and serum bactericidal assays.

Main Methods:

  • Recombinant OmpU and VP0802 proteins were cloned, expressed, and purified.
  • Native abundance, surface exposure, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy were assessed.
  • Serum bactericidal assays and confocal microscopy were employed.

Main Results:

  • OmpU induced high-titer antisera with broad cross-reactivity and significant bactericidal activity (1:512) against various Vibrio species.
  • VP0802 elicited lower antibody titers (1:32) and reduced bactericidal activity.
  • Both OmpU and VP0802 demonstrated surface exposure and immunogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • OmpU is a promising subunit vaccine candidate offering cross-protection against multiple Vibrio species.
  • Further development of OmpU-based vaccines is warranted.
Keywords:
Vibrio parahaemolyticusOmpUVP0802bactericidal activityimmunogenicityouter membrane protein

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