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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Published on: July 24, 2013

Association of Frailty and Frailty Trajectory with Risk for Respiratory Infectious Diseases.

Jin Yang, Hao Yan, Huan Chen

Emerging Infectious Diseases

|June 2, 2026

Summary

Frailty significantly increases the risk of respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). Early identification and intervention for frailty are crucial for reducing RIDs in vulnerable populations.

Keywords:

China Respiratory infections United Kingdom frailty frailty index influenza physical frailty respiratory infectious diseases risk factors viruses

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Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

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Identifying Frailty Using Point-of-Care Ultrasonography: Image Acquisition and Assessment

Identifying Frailty Using Point-of-Care Ultrasonography: Image Acquisition and Assessment

Published on: July 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Frailty is a growing concern in aging populations.
Respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) pose a significant health threat, particularly to older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between frailty and the risk of developing respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs).
To examine how different levels and changes in frailty impact RID risk.

Main Methods:

Utilized UK Biobank data from 423,691 participants, assessing physical frailty and frailty index.
Categorized participants into nonfrail, prefrail, and frail groups, analyzing frailty changes (alleviation, maintenance, aggravation).
Estimated the risk of RIDs, including influenza, pneumonia, and other acute lower respiratory infections.

Main Results:

Prefrailty and frailty increased RID risk by 1.32-2.29 times compared to nonfrailty.
A 0.1-point increase in frailty index per year raised RID risk by 47%; a 1-point increase in physical frailty per year increased risk by 26%.
Frailty worsening amplified RID risk by 2.31-4.16 times; partial frailty improvement did not fully eliminate risk.

Conclusions:

Frailty is a dynamic and modifiable risk factor for RIDs.
Early identification and intervention for frailty are essential for mitigating RID risk in high-risk individuals.
Addressing frailty can be a key strategy in preventing and managing respiratory infections.