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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

Programmed Cell Death in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Xingchen Liu1, Junying Hu1, Weigang Gan1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.

Clinical and Translational Allergy
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways like apoptosis and pyroptosis are key to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) progression. Understanding these mechanisms offers new therapeutic targets for treating this common respiratory condition.

Keywords:
apoptosischronic rhinosinusitisnecroptosisprogrammed cell deathpyroptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common upper airway disease with complex causes.
  • Emerging research highlights the role of programmed cell death (PCD) in CRS pathogenesis.
  • Key PCD pathways include apoptosis and pyroptosis, influencing disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of programmed cell death (PCD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • To examine the impact of PCD on CRS disease progression.
  • To explore potential therapeutic implications of targeting PCD in CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PCD and CRS.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in CRS.
  • Synthesis of current research on apoptosis and pyroptosis in CRS.

Main Results:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are significantly implicated in the pathology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • These pathways influence disease progression and severity.
  • PCD mechanisms represent potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions in CRS.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of PCD in CRS is vital for advancing treatment strategies.
  • Targeting specific PCD pathways may offer new avenues for managing chronic rhinosinusitis.
  • Further research into PCD mechanisms can lead to practical clinical applications for CRS treatment.