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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens
09:02

A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens

Published on: June 7, 2017

Assessing Evidence to Guide Primary Prevention of Pathogen X.

Iris Holmes, Neil M Vora, Emily S Gurley

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |June 2, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Primary prevention strategies for pandemics can learn from frequent, low-spreading zoonotic viruses. A precautionary approach using this data offers the most practical foundation for preventing future pandemics.

    Keywords:
    Pathogen Xpandemicprimary preventionsecondary preventionspilloverviruseszoonoses

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

    A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens
    09:02

    A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens

    Published on: June 7, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Disease
    • One Health

    Background:

    • Primary prevention aims to stop initial disease occurrence, including reducing zoonotic pathogen spillover.
    • Pandemics are rare, limiting data on known pandemic pathogens' spillover events.
    • Many zoonotic viruses frequently spill over but do not spread efficiently between humans.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate if insights from frequent, poorly-spreading zoonotic virus spillovers can inform primary prevention strategies.
    • To guide research and deployment of preventative strategies for rare, highly-transmissible pandemic pathogens.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of spillover event data from different types of zoonotic viruses.
    • Development of principles for research and preventative strategy deployment.

    Main Results:

    • Frequent spillover events from poorly-spreading viruses offer valuable data for prevention.
    • A precautionary approach is recommended for pandemic preparedness.

    Conclusions:

    • Utilizing data from frequent, low-consequence spillover events provides a practical empirical basis for primary spillover prevention.
    • This approach can guide the development of effective strategies against rare, high-consequence pandemic threats.