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FORCE-XR: Minimum reporting set for auditability, integrity, and governance of extended reality and interactive 3D
Gianmarco Sirago1, Biagio Solarino2, Alessandro Dell'Erba2
1Section of Legal Medicine, Policlinico of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy. gianmarco.sirago@uniba.it.
Abstract:
Extended reality (XR) and interactive 3D reconstructions are increasingly used in forensic and legal medicine for crime-scene work, autopsy workflows, training, remote collaboration, and courtroom communication. However, published reports often lack the evidence-grade details needed for independent technical and medico-legal scrutiny. We present FORCE-XR, a Minimum Reporting Set spanning system description, data provenance and transformations, auditability and reproducibility, integrity and chain-of-custody, validation and outcomes, human factors and safeguards, and security, privacy and governance. Using a multi-database scoping search and full-text screening, we audited 51 included studies and coded reporting completeness (Y/N/NR) across all FORCE-XR items. The audit reveals systematic reporting gaps that limit falsifiability, counter-expertise, and courtroom defensibility, particularly for reproducibility packs, logging, asset management, and integrity controls. FORCE-XR provides an operational 'demo-to-evidence' pathway to improve transparency, cumulative science, and trust in forensic XR artefacts. We provide pragmatic implementation guidance and a research agenda to support benchmarking, editorial uptake, and standard evolution.