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Plasmonic and surface-enhanced Raman nanobiosensors for quantitative molecular detection.

Yeongbeom Kim1,2, Jaewon Choi1,3, Subin Lee1,2

  • 1Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon State, 24341, Republic of Korea.

Discover Nano
|June 2, 2026
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Summary

Plasmonic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanobiosensors offer ultrasensitive molecular detection. This review covers SERS principles, engineering, quantification, applications, challenges, and future directions for advanced biosensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology and Spectroscopy
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Plasmonic nanobiosensors leverage nanoscale electromagnetic fields for highly sensitive detection.
  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enables multiplexed analysis of various molecules.
  • Current SERS technology faces challenges in reproducibility and standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the principles, design, and application of plasmonic SERS nanobiosensors.
  • To critically examine quantitative analysis methods and identify key performance-dictating factors.
  • To discuss current limitations and propose future research directions in SERS biosensing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental plasmonic principles and nanostructure engineering.
  • Analysis of surface chemical functionalization strategies for sensor performance.
  • Examination of quantitative methodologies including internal standards, ratio-based analysis, and machine learning.

Main Results:

  • SERS nanobiosensors demonstrate potential in detecting nucleic acids, proteins, pathogens, and environmental toxins.
  • Key factors influencing sensor performance include plasmonic principles, nanostructure design, and surface chemistry.
  • Advanced quantification methods are crucial for reliable SERS data interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmonic SERS nanobiosensors are powerful tools for ultrasensitive molecular detection with diverse applications.
  • Addressing challenges in reproducibility, scalability, and standardization is vital for clinical and field deployment.
  • Future research should focus on single-molecule detection, in vivo applications, and sustainable materials.