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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
14:56

Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies

Published on: May 6, 2022

Genetic background of obesity: a case-control study.

Konstantinos Kalesis1, Paris Roidοs2, Vaios Nikolopoulos3,4

  • 1Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. kalesisk@gmail.com.

Hormones (Athens, Greece)
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variants in TCF7L2 and FTO are linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese individuals. PPARG rs1801282 showed an unexpected association, warranting further investigation. These findings highlight genetic factors in obesity-associated T2DM.

Keywords:
FTOGene polymorphismsHardy-Weinberg equilibriumHbA1cObesityPPARGPersonalized medicineTCF7L2Type 2 diabetes

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Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography
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Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies

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Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography
13:09

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Published on: April 4, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are growing global health concerns.
  • Genetic polymorphisms may influence T2DM risk in individuals with obesity.
  • Understanding these genetic links can improve disease characterization and risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the association between specific genetic polymorphisms (TCF7L2 rs7903146, FTO rs9939609, PPARG rs1801282) and T2DM risk in Greek adults with obesity.
  • Explore the genetic architecture connecting obesity and T2DM.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study of 257 Greek adults (obese, with/without T2DM).
  • Analyzed TCF7L2 rs7903146, FTO rs9939609, and PPARG rs1801282 polymorphisms.
  • Used logistic regression for T2DM risk analysis and exact tests for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Main Results:

  • Significant genotype distribution differences between cases and controls for all three loci.
  • TCF7L2 rs7903146 and FTO rs9939609 associated with increased T2DM odds.
  • PPARG rs1801282 showed an association contrary to previous literature.

Conclusions:

  • TCF7L2 and FTO variants linked to T2DM in obese individuals.
  • PPARG rs1801282 association direction differs from prior studies.
  • Findings require cautious interpretation due to unadjusted models and HWE deviations; larger studies are needed.