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Local Violence as an Environmental Exposure with Increasing Relevance under Climate Change: A Conceptual Framework.

Jane E Clougherty1,2, Ellen J Kinnee3, Perry E Sheffield4,5

  • 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, USA. jec373@drexel.edu.

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Rising violent crime, exacerbated by climate change and heat, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities. Understanding this complex interplay is crucial for protecting child health and informing public health strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Violent crime is increasing globally, linked to climate change and ambient heat.
  • Communities with high crime rates or fewer resources face exacerbated health inequities due to climate change.
  • Violent crime acts as a significant psychosocial stressor, worsening health impacts from heat and pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a framework for viewing violence as a climate-related environmental exposure.
  • To explore the conceptualization and measurement of local violence in epidemiological studies.
  • To analyze the pathways through which violence impacts child health, considering climate change and other exposures.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptualizing violence as an environmental variable for health impact assessment.
  • Reviewing existing literature on the psychosocial impacts of violent crime.
  • Discussing epidemiological methods for measuring local violence.
  • Developing frameworks to analyze combined effects of violence, heat, and pollution on health.

Main Results:

  • Violent crime is a significant environmental exposure with direct and indirect health consequences.
  • Heat and violence have synergistic negative impacts on child mental and physical health.
  • A proportion of heat's health impacts may be mediated through increased local violence.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for methods to disentangle the independent and synergistic effects of climate-related exposures on child health.
  • Violence should be integrated into climate change and public health action plans.
  • Translating this understanding into clinical and public health practice is essential for patient and family protection.