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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example
05:45

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Published on: March 11, 2020

Genome-guided generative adversarial learning enables nanopore adaptive sequencing.

Yixiang Zhang1,2,3, Pingping Sun1,2, Jiarong Zhang4,5

  • 1School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.

Nature Communications
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

GANBase offers a novel genome-guided framework for nanopore adaptive sequencing. This data-independent method enhances real-time target enrichment and host depletion without costly training data.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example
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Published on: March 11, 2020

Nanopore DNA Sequencing for Metagenomic Soil Analysis
07:33

Nanopore DNA Sequencing for Metagenomic Soil Analysis

Published on: December 14, 2017

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11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Nanopore adaptive sequencing allows real-time target enrichment.
  • Current deep learning methods need expensive, sample-specific training data.
  • This limits the broad applicability of adaptive sequencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a data-independent deep learning framework for nanopore adaptive sequencing.
  • To enable robust target enrichment and host depletion without experimental training data.
  • To expand the utility of real-time targeted sequencing.

Main Methods:

  • Developed GANBase, a genome-guided generative adversarial learning framework.
  • Trained the model exclusively on reference sequences.
  • Incorporated a Monte Carlo Tree Search-based Rollout strategy for model training.

Main Results:

  • GANBase demonstrated robust performance in target enrichment and host depletion.
  • The framework remained effective in live adaptive sequencing experiments.
  • It showed resilience to pore loss and flow cell version updates.

Conclusions:

  • GANBase provides a cost-effective, data-independent solution for nanopore adaptive sequencing.
  • The method significantly enhances real-time target enrichment and host depletion capabilities.
  • This approach broadens the accessibility and application of targeted sequencing technologies.