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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
Interpersonal Psychotherapy01:25

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a structured, time-limited therapeutic approach initially developed to treat depression. It integrates key concepts from psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive-behavioral therapies, making it a uniquely eclectic framework. The therapy is rooted in the interpersonal theories of Adolph Meyer and Harry Stack Sullivan, as well as John Bowlby's attachment theory, and focuses on the interplay between interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert Ellis's...
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

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Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
07:12

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Published on: August 2, 2021

A clinically actionable framework for personalizing iCBT to improve depression outcomes.

Katie Aafjes-van Doorn1, Helen Christensen2,3

  • 1New York University, Shanghai, China.

NPJ Digital Medicine
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Personalizing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression can improve engagement and outcomes. Evidence supports optimizing and stratifying treatment upfront, with dynamic adaptation showing promise for future development.

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Area of Science:

  • Digital mental health
  • Clinical psychology
  • Health informatics

Background:

  • Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) shows efficacy for depression but faces challenges with patient engagement and treatment response.
  • A gap exists between existing research on personalization and its practical clinical application in iCBT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize evidence on personalization strategies within iCBT for depression.
  • To evaluate personalization through a three-stage framework: pre-implementation optimization, treatment stratification, and dynamic adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review approach was employed, synthesizing evidence on personalization in iCBT for depression.
  • Evidence was assessed using principles of evidence grading, focusing on volume, consistency, and directness of findings for each personalization stage.

Main Results:

  • Strongest evidence supports pre-implementation optimization of engagement and initial treatment stratification based on patient characteristics (e.g., severity, history).
  • Evidence for dynamic adaptation is developing, with potential for identifying non-response and adjusting treatment intensity, though iCBT-specific trials are limited.
  • Engagement and clinical outcomes are distinct yet related targets for personalization.

Conclusions:

  • Personalization strategies, particularly upfront optimization and stratification, show promise for enhancing iCBT for depression.
  • Further rigorous, depression-specific iCBT trials are necessary to establish optimal methods for personalized interventions.
  • Emerging research in digital biomarkers and responsiveness may enable more precise and scalable personalization in the future.