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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

Fluid Mosaic Model

The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.LipidsThe most...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films
09:32

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

Published on: January 26, 2016

Hydration-Modulated Glass Transition and Dynamics in Amorphous Porous Organic Cages.

Xueying Yuan1,2, Wenqiang You1,2, Xiupeng Chen1,2

  • 1School of Emergent Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper-based Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Water significantly softens porous organic cages (POCs), lowering their glass transition temperature. This study reveals how hydration impacts POC structure, mobility, and thermomechanical properties at a molecular level.

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Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices
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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films
09:32

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Published on: January 26, 2016

The Mechanics of (Poro-)Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
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Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices
09:31

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

Published on: March 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydration influences soft porous material properties.
  • Microscopic effects of water in nanoporous systems like porous organic cages (POCs) are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate water content's impact on amorphous POC systems.
  • Characterize changes in glass transition, structure, and mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Temperature-dependent simulations (203–373 K).
  • Analysis of five model systems with varying hydration levels (H₂O:POC ratios 0–40).

Main Results:

  • Increased hydration lowers the glass transition temperature (Tg) of POCs.
  • Water initially expands POCs, but this effect saturates at higher hydration.
  • Water-framework hydrogen bonding weakens with increasing hydration.
  • Water diffusion transitions from subdiffusive to near-Fickian with hydration and temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Water acts as a plasticizer in amorphous POC systems.
  • Hydration significantly alters POC thermomechanical and transport properties.
  • Provides insights for designing responsive nanoporous materials.