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Exosome-derived LncRNAs in bone remodeling: recent advances and future directions for bone disease therapy
Shihua Zhang1, Hui Wang1, Chenyu Zhao2
1College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China.
Background:
Exosomes derived from various cellular sources play a pivotal role in mediating and regulating bone and cartilage regeneration for conditions such as bone defects, fractures, cartilage repair, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis.
Maintext:
As essential intercellular communication vehicles, exosomes transmit long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to modulate cellular behaviors in the bone microenvironment, which has been a central focus of contemporary research.This review consolidates existing evidence on exosome-derived lncRNAs in bone remodeling, revealing their regulatory roles through signaling pathway networks on osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and related bone/cartilage lineage cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts. Exosome-encapsulated lncRNAs that regulate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclast activity, bone-vascular coupling, and bone metastasis show promise as minimally invasive biomarkers for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic monitoring of bone metabolic disorders.
Conclusion:
Moreover, harnessing exosomes as natural, engineerable delivery vehicles can advance the development of bone-targeted, precise, and low-toxicity therapeutic strategies to complement existing pharmacologic and regenerative treatments.
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Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...