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Related Concept Videos

Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Synthetic Condensates and Cell-Like Architectures from Amphiphilic DNA Nanostructures
08:02

Synthetic Condensates and Cell-Like Architectures from Amphiphilic DNA Nanostructures

Published on: May 31, 2024

Phase-Transformable DNA Frameworks for Synthetic Condensates with Valency-Controlled Subcellular Sorting.

Haozhen Yu1, Ziyi Zhao1, Haoyue Lv1

  • 1Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered DNA condensates for artificial organelles. These programmable DNA structures can be sorted within cells, control protein degradation, and influence therapeutic delivery, offering new synthetic biology tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Controlling intracellular phase separation is key for engineering artificial membraneless organelles (MLOs).
  • Precise control of DNA-based condensates within cellular environments is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a phase-transforming DNA framework for in situ formation of functional condensates.
  • To investigate the role of binding valencies in controlling condensation order and intracellular fate.
  • To demonstrate the application of programmable DNA condensates as artificial MLOs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized coarse-grained simulations and experimental approaches.
  • Employed valency-controlled subcellular sorting of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures.
  • Analyzed intracellular fates of synthetic DNA (synDNA) condensates using high- and low-order structures.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that condensation order is dictated by the binding valencies of building blocks.
  • Revealed distinct intracellular fates: high-order condensates evade the endolysosomal pathway, while low-order ones are lysosome-trapped.
  • Showcased spatially controlled DNA condensates for targeted membrane protein degradation and prolonged therapeutic payload residence.

Conclusions:

  • Established a modular design principle for creating programmable DNA condensates in cellulo.
  • Highlighted the significant interactions between synthetic constructs and cellular organelles.
  • Opened avenues for advanced synthetic biology applications using DNA-based condensates.