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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
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Healing I: Introduction01:11

Healing I: Introduction

Healing is the physiological process by which the body restores the integrity and function of damaged tissues following injury. It involves a coordinated interplay of cellular proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and growth factor signaling. The extent and nature of the tissue damage determine whether healing occurs by resolution, regeneration, or replacement.ResolutionResolution represents the most complete form of healing, occurring when the injury is minimal and tissue...

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High-Dimensionality Flow Cytometry for Immune Function Analysis of Dissected Implant Tissues
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Immunoengineering External Field Responsive Biomaterials for Tissue Repair and Regeneration.

Wanli Song1,2,3, Jia Song1,3, Jinchu Liang2,3

  • 1Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

External field-responsive biomaterials (EFRBs) offer precise control over tissue repair processes by modulating the immune microenvironment. This review highlights EFRBs

Keywords:
external fieldimmune regulationresponsive biomaterialstissue repair and regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials science
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tissue defect repair involves complex biological processes including inflammation regulation, angiogenesis, and immune homeostasis.
  • Effective repair strategies require precise spatiotemporal control over these dynamic processes.
  • The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in successful tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the dynamic biological requirements of tissue repair, emphasizing the immune microenvironment's role.
  • To review the advantages and mechanisms of external field-responsive biomaterials (EFRBs) in regenerative medicine.
  • To summarize recent advances in immunoengineering EFRBs for enhanced tissue repair and regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on external field-responsive biomaterials (EFRBs).
  • Analysis of EFRB structural features and response mechanisms to various stimuli (optical, magnetic, electrical, ultrasonic, thermal).
  • Examination of EFRBs' regulatory effects on immune-related repair processes.

Main Results:

  • EFRBs offer on-demand activation and unique physicochemical properties for tissue repair.
  • Various EFRB formats (nanoparticles, scaffolds, hydrogels, microneedles) can modulate immune responses.
  • Immunoengineering EFRBs shows significant potential for enhancing tissue regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • EFRBs represent a promising strategy for precise control in tissue repair and regeneration.
  • Modulating the immune microenvironment with EFRBs is key to improving therapeutic outcomes.
  • Further research into immunoengineered EFRBs can drive breakthroughs in regenerative medicine.