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Comparative DCMS analysis reveals a novel breed-specific X-linked selection signature in Changthangi sheep
Sapna Nath1, Satish Kumar Illa2, Vinod Kumar Yata3
1College of Veterinary Science, Livestock Farm Complex, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Garividi, India.
Frontiers in Genetics
|June 3, 2026
Summary
We identified a unique X chromosome selection signature in Changthangi sheep, linked to adaptation and important traits. This highlights the X chromosome
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Animal Genetics
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- The X chromosome plays a role in livestock adaptive and fitness traits.
- Sheep genomics research, especially on indigenous Indian breeds, has limited focus on the X chromosome.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify selection signatures on the X chromosome in indigenous Indian sheep breeds.
- To investigate the role of X-linked variation in local adaptation.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS) approach integrating FST, H1, H12, Tajima's D, and π.
- Analyzed X chromosome data from Changthangi, Deccani, and Garole sheep genotyped with the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip.
- Annotated candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in significant regions (FDR <0.05) using the GALLO package and visualized through protein-protein interaction networks.
Main Results:
- Identified a significant breed-specific X-linked genomic region in Changthangi sheep (approx. 55.9-57.2 Mb).
- This region contains 31 genes, including prioritized genes OTUD5, CACNA1F, ZNF182, and GRIPAP1.
- QTL annotation revealed enrichment for milk production, body weight, and reproduction traits; OTUD5 was identified as a key node in interaction networks.
Conclusions:
- The study pinpoints a breed-specific X-linked selection region in Changthangi sheep, suggesting a role in high-altitude adaptation.
- Findings underscore the utility of within-breed composite approaches for X chromosome research in indigenous sheep populations.
- Provides a foundation for future validation of candidate genes related to adaptation and breeding in sheep.
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