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Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in critically...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

Filtration and Urine Formation

Filtration and Urine Formation

The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists

An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists

Published on: July 18, 2025

Hemodiafiltration beyond the CONVINCE trial.

Giovanni F M Strippoli^1,2, Krister Cromm^3,4, Vasileios C Pezoulas^5,6

¹Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Clinical Kidney Journal

|June 3, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Online hemodiafiltration (HDF) offers significant survival benefits over conventional hemodialysis (HD) for kidney failure patients. Future research should focus on real-world implementation and patient-centered outcomes to accelerate HDF adoption.

Keywords:

convection digital-twin guideline hemodiafiltration review

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists

An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists

Published on: July 18, 2025

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Renal Replacement Therapy
Clinical Innovation

Background:

Online hemodiafiltration (HDF) shows improved patient outcomes compared to high-flux hemodialysis (HD).
The CONVINCE trial demonstrated a 23% reduction in all-cause mortality with high-volume HDF versus high-flux HD.
Systematic reviews confirm cardiovascular and survival advantages of HDF.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline a forward-looking research agenda for HDF implementation post-CONVINCE trial.
To address barriers to clinical adoption of HDF.
To advocate for patient-centered research and guideline development for HDF.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of existing evidence and future research directions.
Discussion of innovative research methods like target trial emulation and digital twin technologies.
Analysis of implementation challenges in clinical nephrology.

Main Results:

High-volume HDF significantly reduces mortality risk compared to high-flux HD.
Evidence supports HDF's cardiovascular and survival benefits.
Implementation of HDF faces structural, regulatory, and financial hurdles.

Conclusions:

Key research priorities include real-world implementation, patient-reported outcomes, and mechanistic studies.
Innovative methods are crucial for advancing HDF research and implementation.
A decisive, innovative research path and world-class guidelines are needed for optimal HDF care.