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Extreme Temperatures, Physical Activity, and Adaptation.

Robert I Harris¹

¹School of Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology.

Journal of Public Economics

|June 3, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change significantly impacts daily physical activity, reducing it on extreme hot or cold days. However, people adapt, especially in hotter regions, suggesting future welfare gains from considering this adaptation in projections.

Keywords:

I12 Q26 Q51 Q54 acclimatization adaptation climate change extreme temperatures physical activity

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Public Health
Behavioral Science

Background:

Physical activity is crucial for human health.
The effects of climate change on physical activity are not well understood.
Extreme temperatures pose a significant environmental stressor.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the impact of extreme temperatures on physical activity.
To investigate adaptive behaviors in response to heat.
To project future physical activity levels under climate change scenarios.

Main Methods:

Utilized a large dataset of 24 billion person-minute observations from US Fitbit users.
Analyzed behavioral and performance responses to extreme hot and cold temperatures.
Compared activity levels across different climate regions to assess adaptation.

Main Results:

Significant reductions in physical activity were observed on extreme hot and cold days.
Intraday and interday substitution partially mitigated activity loss.
Regions with hotter climates demonstrated less sensitivity to extreme heat, indicating adaptation.

Conclusions:

Extreme temperatures negatively affect physical activity, but adaptation occurs.
Future physical activity projections should incorporate regional climate adaptation for accurate welfare assessments.
Understanding these responses is vital for public health strategies in a changing climate.