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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
11:50

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

Published on: July 9, 2010

Quantifying changes in triaxial seismocardiography variability due to sub-optimal volume status.

Gabriela I Cestero1, Zeineb Bouzid1, Afra Nawar1

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Frontiers in Physiology
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Seismocardiogram (SCG) signals reveal changes in blood volume status. A significant change in SCG lateral axis consistency indicates hypervolemia or hypovolemia, aiding in monitoring volume status.

Keywords:
blood volume statushypervolemiahypovolemialateral SCG axisseismocardiogram (SCG)signal consistencysignal variabilitytriaxial SCG

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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
11:50

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

Published on: July 9, 2010

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Sub-optimal blood volume conditions like hypervolemia (volume overload) and hypovolemia (volume deficit) significantly impact circulation and organ function.
  • Current methods for assessing blood volume status are often limited to clinical settings or lack accuracy, especially in austere environments.
  • Novel wearable sensing and machine learning technologies are being developed for early and accurate detection of sub-optimal volume status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in the morphological variability of Seismocardiogram (SCG) signals in hypervolemic and hypovolemic conditions.
  • To determine if SCG signal variability increases during decompensation compared to compensation.
  • To explore the potential of SCG signals for non-invasive blood volume status monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two datasets: heart failure patients with hypervolemia and swine undergoing induced hypovolemia.
  • Computed SCG signal consistency (inverse of variability) using 60-second segments from compensation and decompensation periods.
  • Analyzed SCG signal consistency across different axes (dorso-ventral, head-to-foot, lateral).

Main Results:

  • No significant change in SCG signal consistency was observed in the dorso-ventral or head-to-foot axes for either population.
  • A significant change in SCG signal consistency was found in the lateral axis for both hypervolemia (p = 0.042) and hypovolemia (p = 0.012) populations during decompensation.
  • These findings highlight the lateral axis of the SCG signal as sensitive to changes in volume status.

Conclusions:

  • SCG morphology variability is related to cardiovascular compensation status, particularly in the lateral axis.
  • The study provides a foundation for developing algorithms that use SCG variability for baseline-free estimation of sub-optimal volume status in field settings.
  • SCG signals offer a promising non-invasive method for monitoring blood volume status in diverse environments.