Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

O©Li<sub>5</sub>F<sub>5</sub><sup>2-</sup>: A Global Minimum with a Planar Pentacoordinate Oxygen.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Planar tetracoordinate nitrogen in main-group cationic clusters.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

From local to global or semilocal aromaticity: singlet-triplet switching in porphyrin tapes.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Theoretical Prediction of a Stable Xenon Bis(diazaborolyl) Complex: A Donor-Acceptor Complex.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Excited State Aromaticity Unveiled by Electron Localization Function Topology.

Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry·2025
Same author

Interpreting Ring Currents from Hückel-Guided σ- and π-Electron Delocalization in Small Boron Rings.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same journal

From polyethylene terephthalate waste to a multilayer MOF: a sustainable strategy for enhanced supercapacitor performance.

RSC advances·2026
Same journal

Magneto-electrochemical approach for determining the rate-controlling step for corrosion of iron in ferric solutions.

RSC advances·2026
Same journal

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tacrine-sulphonamide hybrids as a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

RSC advances·2026
Same journal

Bio-degradable electrospun nanofibers encompassing dioxidovanadium benzimidazole compounds as potential drug delivery systems for diabetes mellitus.

RSC advances·2026
Same journal

Streamlined synthesis of functionalized dibenzo[<i>a</i>,<i>e</i>]pentalenes through potassium-mediated cyclization and late-stage thianthrenation.

RSC advances·2026
Same journal

High-efficiency ultra-thin CIGSe solar cells: defect engineering and back-surface field design.

RSC advances·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Planar tetracoordinate oxygen stabilized within triel-chalcogen dicationic frameworks.

Leinner Motta1,2, Jennifer Cuellar1,2, Williams García-Argote1,3

  • 1Centro de Investigación para el Diseño de Materiales (CEDEM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello Avenida República 275 Santiago 8370146 Chile luis.leyva@unab.cl wtiznado@unab.cl.

RSC Advances
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers stabilized planar tetracoordinate oxygen (ptO) in novel dicationic clusters. This challenges oxygen

More Related Videos

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Main group chemistry
  • Quantum chemistry

Background:

  • Oxygen typically forms two bonds, making planar tetracoordinate oxygen (ptO) an unusual and challenging structure.
  • Previous studies have explored various theoretical approaches to stabilize unusual bonding configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the possibility of stabilizing planar tetracoordinate oxygen (ptO) in dicationic triel-chalcogen clusters.
  • To understand the electronic structure, bonding, and stability of these novel ptO-containing systems.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for structural optimization and electronic structure analysis.
  • Bonding analysis using methods like Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) analysis.
  • Magnetic response calculations to assess aromaticity.
  • Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations for dynamic stability.

Main Results:

  • Identified nine global minima with planar tetracoordinate oxygen (ptO) in D4h symmetry for O@X4E42+ clusters (X=Al, Ga, In; E=S, Se, Te).
  • The ptO is stabilized by electrostatic embedding of a formally O2- dianion within a charge-delocalized, tetracationic X4E4 framework.
  • Bonding is characterized by electrostatic O-X interactions and robust X-E σ-bonds, with nonaromatic character and dynamic stability at 500 K.

Conclusions:

  • Electrostatic embedding within a rigid X4E4 scaffold is an effective strategy for stabilizing ptO in main-group clusters.
  • The stability and planar geometry of ptO are influenced by the rigidity of the surrounding framework.
  • These findings open new avenues for designing unusual coordination geometries in main-group inorganic compounds.