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Emergency in pediatric rheumatology: a narrative review

Francesca Casini1, Luca Bernardo2, Clelia Di Mari2

  • 1Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.

Frontiers in Medicine
|June 3, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric rheumatology emergencies require prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe outcomes. This review highlights key emergencies and offers guidance for managing rheumatic diseases in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Rheumatic Diseases

Background:

  • Emergencies in pediatric rheumatology are infrequent but critical.
  • Misdiagnosis can lead to increased mortality and morbidity.
  • Prompt recognition and management are essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review significant and common emergencies in pediatric rheumatology.
  • To provide practical diagnostic and management strategies.
  • To improve care for children with emergency rheumatic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Non-systematic literature review.
  • Analysis of existing research on pediatric rheumatologic emergencies.
  • Synthesis of information for clinical guidance.

Main Results:

  • Identified key emergencies in pediatric rheumatology.
  • Summarized diagnostic challenges and critical treatment pathways.
  • Highlighted the importance of timely intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and management of pediatric rheumatologic emergencies are vital.
  • This review offers a practical guide for clinicians.
  • Improved management can reduce long-term complications in affected children.

Keywords:
childrenemergencypediatricpediatric rheumatologytoxicity

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