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Related Concept Videos

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
Responses to Drought and Flooding02:41

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
08:11

Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Published on: June 14, 2024

Leveraging Extremophyte Adaptations as a Roadmap for Crop Design for Arid Lands.

Mohsin Tanveer1, Lei Wang1, Hamza Tariq1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.

Global Change Biology
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Extremophytes, plants adapted to harsh conditions, offer solutions to land degradation. Their unique strategies, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and microbiome recruitment, can help secure global food supplies on arid and saline soils.

Keywords:
climate‐resilient cropshalophytesreactive oxygen species (ROS) signallingrhizosphere engineeringsustainable agriculture

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Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula
06:32

Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
08:11

Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Published on: June 14, 2024

Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula
06:32

Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Climate change causes soil aridification and salinization, degrading arable land.
  • Conventional crops struggle in these extreme environments, threatening food security.
  • Extremophytes possess unique adaptations for survival in marginal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review extremophyte functional traits and ecosystem impacts.
  • To evaluate extremophytes as a biophysical buffer against land degradation.
  • To explore integrating extremophytes into agroecosystems for sustainable intensification.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of existing literature on extremophyte biology and ecology.
  • Analysis of extremophyte strategies: ROS signaling and microbiome recruitment.
  • Evaluation of agroecosystem integration models: intercropping, phytoremediation, circular bioeconomy.

Main Results:

  • Extremophytes utilize precise reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling for plasticity.
  • They actively recruit protective microbiomes through targeted exudation.
  • These strategies transform degraded soils into functional ecosystems.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating extremophytes into diversified agroecosystems enhances multifunctionality.
  • This approach offers sustainable intensification of production on degrading lands.
  • Translating extremophyte biology can lead to crops resilient to a drier future.