Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Magnetic Declination01:19

Magnetic Declination

Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...
Differential Leveling01:12

Differential Leveling

Differential leveling is a precise method in surveying used to determine the elevation difference between two points. Its primary goal is to establish accurate vertical measurements to create level surfaces or grade lines critical for designing and constructing infrastructures such as roads, bridges, and buildings.The procedure for differential leveling begins with setting up and leveling the instrument at a point where the benchmark can be seen. The level rod is held on the benchmark (BM), and...
Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sensory Eye Dominance Remains Stable Across Binocular Combination and Rivalry in Normal and Anisometropic Amblyopic Vision.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

Reversible S-palmitoylation of C4 protein encoded by TYLCCxV orchestrates geminiviral pathogenesis.

Stress biology·2026
Same author

The affective iconicity of segment and tone in Standard Chinese.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Dynamic Stereopsis Is Abnormal in Treated Anisometropic Amblyopia.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025
Same author

Neural substrates for the encoding of the contextual tonal alternation: An fNIRS study of Mandarin third-tone sandhi in word production.

Brain and language·2025
Same author

Determining fixation accuracy with optical coherence tomography and its implication on visual acuity in amblyopia.

Vision research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Absolute Distance Discrimination in the Intermediate Distance Mediated by Angular Declination/Elevation and Binocular

Yiya Chen1, Zijiang J He2, Teng Leng Ooi1

  • 1College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human depth perception relies on binocular disparity and angular cues. This study shows that both cues are essential for accurate midair distance discrimination, especially with a visible background surface.

More Related Videos

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Human depth perception
  • Midair distance discrimination

Background:

  • Absolute distance discrimination in midair relies on binocular disparity and angular declination/elevation cues.
  • The integration of these cues relative to background surfaces is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how binocular disparity and angular declination/elevation cues are integrated for absolute distance discrimination.
  • To determine the role of background surfaces in this integration process.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a two-interval forced choice task to discriminate target distance.
  • Stimuli included paired targets with varying angular declination/elevation and binocular disparity.
  • Experiments were conducted in darkness and with visible floor or ceiling textures.

Main Results:

  • Both binocular disparity and angular cues contributed to distance discrimination, with angular cues being less utilized in binocular viewing.
  • The influence of angular cues decreased with visible background surfaces.
  • Performance improved with increased stimulus duration, and angular cues were crucial for short-duration distance and height discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • Absolute distance discrimination is determined by a weighted integration of binocular disparity and angular cues.
  • Binocular disparity corrects errors arising from sole reliance on angular cues.
  • Both depth cues function optimally with a well-represented background surface.