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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Related Experiment Videos

Screening and Treatment Using a Risk-Based Approach with NT-proBNP Guidance in Diabetes Mellitus: The STRONG-DM Pilot

Vinayak Subramanian1, Kershaw V Patel2, Jude Moutchia Suh1

  • 1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA.

JACC. Heart Failure
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A virtual cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) strategy improved preventive therapy prescriptions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at high risk of heart failure (HF). This approach is feasible and increases the use of vital CKM therapies.

Keywords:
N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptidecardio-kidney-metaboliccardiovascular diseaseelectronic health recordheart failuretype 2 diabetes

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face increased heart failure (HF) risk.
  • Prescription rates for HF preventive therapies in T2DM patients are notably low.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a virtual cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) prevention strategy.
  • To guide the prescription of preventive therapies for individuals at high risk of HF.

Main Methods:

  • Intervention included primary care physician (PCP) education and EHR-based NT-proBNP screening.
  • Virtual CKM consultations were provided for high-risk patients (WATCH-DM score ≥12 or NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL).
  • Compared CKM therapy prescription rates between intervention and matched control groups over 6 months.

Main Results:

  • 93.4% of patients received NT-proBNP screening; 36.9% were identified as high HF risk.
  • Intervention group showed significantly higher new prescriptions for SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone.
  • Overall CKM therapy initiation was 3-fold higher in the intervention group compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • A virtual CKM prevention strategy is feasible and effectively increases HF preventive therapy prescriptions in T2DM patients.
  • The strategy demonstrated particular benefit for high-risk individuals.
  • Further evaluation in a randomized clinical trial is recommended.