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The TreadWheel: Interval Training Protocol for Gently Induced Exercise in Drosophila melanogaster
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Testing Practices and Applications of Flywheel Resistance Technologies-Implications for Performance Assessment and

Mark Chung Wai Mak1,2,3,4, Marco Beato5,6, Kevin De Keijzer3

  • 1London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals low adoption of flywheel resistance training for athlete monitoring. Standardized protocols are needed to leverage its potential for performance assessment and injury risk evaluation.

Keywords:
athlete monitoringisoinertialload managementsports technology

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Strength and Conditioning
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Flywheel resistance technologies offer unique training and assessment capabilities.
  • Current practical application and understanding of these technologies remain limited among professionals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore current practices and applications of flywheel resistance technologies.
  • To investigate their use in performance assessment, asymmetry evaluation, and injury risk identification.
  • To identify gaps between the potential of flywheel testing and its current implementation.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to sports scientists, strength and conditioning coaches, and medical professionals.
  • Data collected included frequency of monitoring, familiarization sessions, repetitions, preferred exercises, and key metrics.
  • Respondents (n=42) provided insights into current usage and perceived potential.

Main Results:

  • Monitoring and testing frequency is low, with 70% conducting it less than monthly.
  • The flywheel squat is the most common exercise (89.9%), often using rotary encoders.
  • Key metrics include eccentric peak power, concentric peak power, and the eccentric:concentric ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Flywheel testing is underexplored in practical settings, highlighting a need for standardized, evidence-based protocols.
  • Future research should focus on reliability at higher moments of inertia, asymmetry assessment, and predictive validity for field performance.
  • Developing validated protocols for diverse exercises is crucial for broader adoption and effective application.