Investigating Cerebello-Cortical Networks With EEG: Advances and Future Challenges

The cerebellum is widely recognized for its contributions to motor, cognitive, and affective processes through dynamic cerebello-cortical networks. Recent studies using cerebellar-cortical electroencephalography (EEG), a technique that enables noninvasive, millisecond-resolution recordings of cerebellar and cortical activity, have revealed disease-specific spectral and network alterations in patients with movement and neurodegenerative disorders, including ataxia, essential tremor (ET), Parkinson's disease (PD), dystonia, as well as in healthy individuals. Synchronous cerebellar-cortical EEG reliably detects these signals and captures network dynamics, providing mechanistic insights into cerebellar-specific functions and interactions that may inform the development of brain-computer interfaces, targeted neuromodulation, and future applications in neurological disorders.