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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Published on: May 16, 2025

CT-defined orbital wall burden and early visual dysfunction in acute orbital.

Tugay Usta1, Osman Faruk Bayramlar2, Servet Yüce3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Atakent Mah. Küçükçekmece, Istanbul, 34303, Turkey. tugayusta34@gmail.com.

Emergency Radiology
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

In acute orbital trauma, computed tomography (CT) findings show a link between orbital wall burden and visual dysfunction. Retrobulbar hematoma, not overall wall burden, independently predicts vision loss, aiding early risk stratification.

Keywords:
Computed tomographyOrbital fracturesOrbital traumaRetrobulbar hematomaVisual dysfunction

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Published on: April 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiology
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Acute orbital trauma can lead to visual dysfunction.
  • Computed tomography (CT) is crucial for assessing orbital injuries.
  • Early identification of patients at risk for visual dysfunction is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if CT-defined orbital wall burden (OWB) correlates with early visual dysfunction after acute orbital trauma.
  • To assess the clinical relevance of CT imaging findings for early risk stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 328 patients with CT-confirmed orbital trauma.
  • Visual dysfunction defined as worst visual acuity ≤ 0.8.
  • Orbital wall burden (OWB) categorized as 0, 1, or ≥ 2 fractured walls.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed associations with age, OWB, intracranial involvement, and retrobulbar hematoma.

Main Results:

  • Visual dysfunction occurred in 26.8% of patients.
  • Visual dysfunction increased with higher OWB categories (trend p < 0.001).
  • Increasing age and retrobulbar hematoma were independently associated with visual dysfunction (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively).
  • OWB and intracranial involvement were not independent predictors after adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • CT-derived OWB shows a graded association with visual dysfunction but lacks independent predictive value.
  • Retrobulbar hematoma is a critical focal finding associated with visual compromise.
  • CT imaging aids risk stratification by distinguishing overall injury severity from vision-threatening lesions.